Responsibility Accounting and Transfer Pricing - 1021 Words

Managerial Accounting and Controls Reporting Responsibility Accounting and Transfer Pricing in Decentralized Operations 1. When are decentralized operations appropriate? 2. How does responsibility accounting relate to decentralization? 3. What are the differences among the four types of responsibility centers? 4. What is suboptimization and what are its effects? 5. How and why are transfer prices for products used in organizations? 6. What are the differences among the various definitions of product cost? 7. How and why are transfer prices for services used in organizations? Centralization Decentralization Authority in Organizational Structure Factor Pure Centralization Pure Decentralization†¦show more content†¦Examples are: †¢ Quality †¢ Customer service †¢ Efficiency †¢ Cost control †¢ Responsiveness to change Suboptimization Suboptimization exists when individual managers pursue goals and objectives that are in their own and/or their segments’ particular interests rather than in the company’s best interests. †¢ Top management must be aware that suboptimization can occur and develop ways to avoid it †¢ Primary way to limit suboptimization is by communicating corporate goals Transfer Price A transfer price is an internal charge established for the exchange of goods or services between organizationalShow MoreRelatedResponsibility Accounting Transfer Pricing - Shuman Automobiles, Inc1577 Words   |  7 PagesResponsibility Accounting Transfer Pricing - Shuman Automobiles, Inc Facts of the Case: 1. Clark Shuman, owner and general manager, plans to retire and relinquished his control over the company 2. Business has been doing good with an emphasis of selling new cars as the principal business of the dealership 3. He created three independent departments, namely new car sales, used car sales, and service department. 4. Salary is dependent on each departments gross profit 5. Upon the take overRead MoreCritically Evaluate Roi and Eva Encourages Short Term Decision Making in Managers2746 Words   |  11 Pagesperformance of profit centres, for investment centres many firms employ measures that are based on profit and invested capital(McGraw-Hill Higher Education). C. Drury (2008) argues that performance measurement is one of the key functions of management accounting. Neely, Adams amp; Kennerly (2002) has defined performance measurement as the following: â€Å"The process of quantifying the efficiency and effectiveness of past actions.† Within this definition is a reference to non-financial measures, defined byRead MoreExcello Commuminations1426 Words   |  6 Pagespractice by the AICPA and GAAP. The CFO approaches his accounting department with the expectation that they come up with a solution to this problem. The accounting department is well aware of the rules and guidelines in place when it comes to revenue recognition, but as a team come up with three possible scenarios. One, to transfer this order to an offsite warehouse to hold until 2011, creating the perception that the product was sold. Two, transfer the product to Data Equipment Systems on DecemberRead MoreGlobal Interdependence And The Existence Of Large Multinational Enterprises Create A Need For Global Accounting1176 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal interdependence and the existence of large multinational enterprises create a need for global accounting. Multinational corporations are companies that carry out business in more than one country other tha n their home. Companies go global for many reasons: to increase sales, improve profits and innovation. Decentralization is essential for the creation of large firms, because CEOs are otherwise constrained in the number of decisions they can make directly -- it is therefore critical for enablingRead MoreManagement Control System Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are conflicts over transfer prices of parts sold by the product divisions to the AM divisions. The problem arises when the part being transferred is an AM division part. Usually the transfer prices are based on the outside OEM market prices but here it is not possible because the part has never been sold by Abrams on the OEM market. So, there is not any historical cost. This part is exclusively sold by the AM division.   The internal policy concerning the transfer pricing based on the outside OEMRead MoreMANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS, TRANSFER PRICING, AND MULTINATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS4428 Words   |  18 Pages CHAPTER 22 MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS, TRANSFER PRICING, AND MULTINATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe a management control system and its three key properties 2. Describe the benefits and costs of decentralization 3. Explain transfer prices and four criteria used to evaluate them 4. Calculate transfer prices using three different methods 5. Illustrate how market-based transfer prices promote goal congruence in perfectly competitive markets 6. Avoid makingRead MoreManagerial Accounting Review Ch 8 121760 Words   |  8 PagesAgenda – Submit term projects to TURNITIN ASAP – Assignment #2 due April 1st 1159pm †¢ List the coauthor’s name in the subject line. †¢ Teaching Evaluation †¢ Transfer pricing (cont.) – Stanco Inc. †¢ Review chapters 11 and 12 the practice final – Practice Q1 and Q2 †¢ Review chapters 8 and 9 and the practice final – Practice Q3 and Q4 ACTG 2020 Week 11 1 †¢ Online Course Evaluations (ONCE)/ Seymour Schulich Teaching Excellence Awards (Schulich TEA) – TEA: http://schulich.yorku.ca/tea. – ONCE:Read MoreBank Cost Accounting4758 Words   |  20 Pageselevance of Managerial Concepts in the Banking Industry by Zabihollah Rezaee Ph.D., CPA, CMA, INTRODUCTION In the past, bank accountants paid little or no attention to the use of managerial accounting concepts in the banking industry. Viewing managerial accounting from the perspective of the banking industry provides a unique opportunity to explore the development of the internal reporting structure. While the use of internal cost and profitabiHty reports is widespread in merchandising, manufacturingRead MoreManagement Advisory Services Review2269 Words   |  10 Pagesmanagement accounting; financial management–related services; capital budgeting concepts and techniques; and project feasibility studies. Each examination will contain a minimum of 50 and a maximum of 70 multiple choice questions, allocated to the different subject areas, as indicated below. 1.0 Management Accounting-Related Services 1.1 Role, historical perspective, and direction of management accounting a. Objectives, scope, relationship with financial accounting and cost accounting; role and activitiesRead MoreThe Impact of Contingencies on Management Accounting System Development.1725 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Accounting SYSTEM 1 3.0 THE IMPACT OF CONTINGENCIES ON MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 2 ( i ) Environment 2 ( ii ) Strategies and mission 3 ( iii ) Technology 4 ( iv ) Firm interdependence 4 ( v ) Business unit, firm, and industry variables 5 ( vi ) Knowledge and observables factors 5 ( vii ) Culture 6 4.0 Summary and Conclusions 6 5.0 REFERENCE BOOKs 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION The management of a company needs to develop cost and management accounting systems

The Process Of Globalization - 1164 Words

Globalization is one of the biggest keys as to why the world is how the world is today. Many people do not realize how much of an impact globalization has upon their daily lives. The everyday essentials would not be possible without globalization. For example, people would not have any iPhones or any touch screen materials since those elements and minerals come from all around the world. The process of globalization has a rich history and a bright future; however, some minor setbacks are unavoidable. The sentence â€Å"Globalization is about growing worldwide interconnectivity.† (Steger, 2017, pg. 17) puts the idea of globalization in a simple, easy-to-understand way for everyone to understand, even though the concept has additional context†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Acupuncture is a version of holistic healing that feeds off the imbalances of energy within a person’s body and restores those same imbalances back to normal. The pathways the energy flows inside the body are known as meridians and the points where acupuncturists place the needles are the areas that need unblocked to increase the flow of energy to that certain path on that meridian,† explains Dr. Wallpe. (Dr. B. Wallpe, phone interview, September 9, 2017) With the past of acupuncture being so ancient, it is simply amazing that the practice is still relevant. Acupuncture care is becoming more and more popular, especially in the United States. â€Å"Today, acupuncture care is a healing art that every developed nation utilizes in some way, shape, or form.† (Dr. B. Wallpe, phone interview, September 9, 2017) The globalization of acupuncture is unreal. It is amazing how the practice spread from its humble beginnings in China to the hustle and bustle of practically the entire world. â€Å"The practice of acupuncture is sought to venture to America during the Nixon Administration due to the president’s experience in Asia. He was feeling ill and nothing was maki ng him feel better, and then he tried acupuncture and that healed him right away. That new experience made him bring the practice back to America.† (Dr. B. Wallpe, phone interview, September 9, 2017) Henceforth, acupuncture seems to be a great innovation to come from globalization, unlike other negative outcomesShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is An Ongoing Process, And The Process Of Globalization1666 Words   |  7 Pagesprotective barriers against trade, technology and investment among countries. According to E.Paradee, globalisation is an ongoing process, and the process of globalisation, has been taking place for sometime in the field of financial markets, trading etc.(S. E. Paradee, 1988). According to Malcom. S.Adiseshiah, globalisation generally means that both the production process and institutions associated with production of a given commodity as well as its sales and distributions are no longer limited toRead MoreGlobalization as a Process1744 Words   |  7 Pages into contact with globalization. We are all active members of this web, and we are the fuel it needs to work to perfection. This web needs employers and employees, it needs people in need and people willing to help, and it needs members of different cultures and societies. It needs you. Whether it was by flying on an airplane, traveling to a foreign country, or simply by buying medicine, you are contributing to the unstoppable giant known as globalization. To understand globalization it is necessaryRead MoreThe Globalization Process2335 Words   |  9 Pagesa company need the best reliable people to be able to make it a successful assignment, looking at factors such as experience, job skills and cultural awareness. An important part of the process is overlooked regularly, namely the importance and well-being of the expat’s family. Nowadays, the globalization process helps countries other than the United States to send expatriates abroad (Braseby, 2010). Therefore the expat population grows and according to historical failure rates the rate remains aroundRead MoreGlobalization Is Not An Irreversible Process1502 Words   |  7 Pages Globalization has become a clichà © in everyday habit, the idea is not new. The initial trend of globalization took place between 1870 and 1914. This was triggered by a combination of falling costs in transportation and a reduction in trade barriers, which opened up the possibility for a productive use of land .This wave of globalization ground to a halt in 1914. Despite unprecedented growth in the economy and the reduction in poverty, the impact of globalization on inequality withinRead MoreGlobalization Is A Multidimensional Process1426 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalisation â€Å"Globalization is a multidimensional process. Although it is often understood primarily in economic terms, linked to the establishment of an interlocking global economy, its social and cultural implications are no less important.† (Andrew Haywood, 2011). Many argue that globalisation in itself has a number of positive and negative points. It is said that recently Globalisation has led to rise of â€Å"deterritorialisation† (Scholte, 2005). Theory emphasises that social processes may noRead MoreMedias Role in the Globalization Process645 Words   |  3 PagesEssay: The role of media in globalization process If we talk about the role of media in globalization process we should firstly say that what the media is. The media is media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience by mass communication. Today the media play a key role in enhancing globalization. And the media also play important role in facilitating culture exchange flows of information between countries. The media spreads through international news broadcasts, new technologiesRead MoreGlobalization Is The Process Of International Integration1244 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. It approaches in transportation, telecommunication-internet, mobile phones which have been the key factor in globalization, producing further interconnection of economic and cultural activities. Economic globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world throu gh a rapid increase in cross-border movement ofRead MoreUkraines Role in the Process of Globalization908 Words   |  4 PagesUkraine’s role in the process of globalization Globalization is a relatively recent phenomenon that has an enormous influence on the future of our planet. It elicits contradictory reactions from economists, politicians, scientists and ordinary people. In addition to its benefits, globalization has dangers and risks. It is responsible for environmental problems, the population explosion, extreme poverty, mass unemployment, etc. But what does globalization mean for different countries?   MostRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Recruitment Process1827 Words   |  8 PagesTHE GLOBALIZATION IN THE RECRUITMENT PROCESS July 15th, 2015 ENG - 502 Professor: Veronica Cruz Monge Impact of the globalization in the recruiting process. Globalization has significance in the human resources process at business and organizations of any type. The complexities of globalization in the past decade have provoked in the Human Resources area to look and define new strategies for the multi-cultural competencies that can challenges them. Globalization is transforming the process andRead MoreGlobalization Is The Process Of International Integration938 Words   |  4 Pagesstrongly suggest that we belong in this league. I would like to commend the way we are handling the elements of marketing - global, technological, sociocultural, competitive, and economic influences (Nickels, McHugh, McHugh, 2014). Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of products, worldviews, ideas and other aspects of culture. The elimination of global barriers – geography and distance – has generated the interdependence of nations both in economic

The thrust of the Computer Security Plan Free Essays

The thrust of the Computer Security Plan part of the Business Plan is to ensure that the information systems to be deployed by the company will be in line with of the strategic mission and vision of the company. In order to insure that the information technology infrastructure and resources will meet the requisite requirements of every strategic, tactical and operational plan, the company decided to start on the right footing by adapting the standards contained in the ISO/IEC 17799:2005 or specifically known as the Information Technology – Security Techniques – Code of Practice for Information Security Management. By purchasing the ISO 17799 Toolkit, the company can follow the roadmap for a more secure information systems environment, implement the policies contained in the toolkit, and eventually obtain ISO 17799 certification to add more value to the consulting business. We will write a custom essay sample on The thrust of the Computer Security Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Specifically, the company will initially address the following areas that require immediate attention: 1.User authentication methods and policies – This will be based on Section 11.1.1 of ISO 17799 wherein, â€Å"An access control policy should be established, documented, and reviewed based on business and security requirements for access. Access control rules and rights for each user or group of users should be clearly stated in an access control policy. Access controls are both logical and physical and these should be considered together. Users and service providers should be given a clear statement of the business requirements to be met by access controls.† 2.Desktop policies – This will be based on Sections 11.3.2 Unattended user equipment and 11.3.3 Clear desk and clear screen policy wherein, â€Å"Users should ensure that unattended equipment has appropriate protection. All users should be made aware of the security requirements and procedures for protecting unattended equipment, as well as their responsibilities for implementing such protection. Users should be advised to terminate active sessions when finished, unless they can be secured by an appropriate locking mechanism, e.g. a password protected screen saver; log-off mainframe computers, servers, and office PCs when the session is finished; secure PCs or terminals from unauthorized use by a key lock or an equivalent control. A clear desk policy for papers and removable storage media and a clear screen policy for information processing facilities should be adopted.† 3.Remote user authentication methods and policies – This will be based on Section 11.4.2 User authentication for external users of ISO 17799 wherein, â€Å"Appropriate authentication methods should be used to control access by remote users. Authentication of remote users can be achieved using, for example, a cryptographic based technique, hardware tokens, or a challenge/response protocol. Possible implementations of such techniques can be found in various virtual private network (VPN) solutions. Dedicated private lines can also be used to provide assurance of the source of connections. Dial-back procedures and controls, e.g. using dial-back modems, can provide protection against unauthorized and unwanted connections to an organization’s information processing facilities. This type of control authenticates users trying to establish a connection to an organization’s network from remote locations.† 4.Password policy – This will be based on Section 11.3.1 Password use of ISO 17799 wherein, â€Å"Users should be required to follow good security practices in the selection and use of passwords. All users should be advised to keep passwords confidential; avoid keeping a paper or software record of passwords, unless this can be stored securely and the method of storing has been approved; change passwords whenever there is any indication of possible system or password compromise; select quality passwords with sufficient minimum length which are easy to remember; not based on anything somebody else could easily guess or obtain using person related information; not vulnerable to dictionary attacks; free of consecutive identical, all-numeric or all-alphabetic characters; change passwords at regular intervals or based on the number of accesses, and avoid re-using or cycling old passwords; change temporary passwords at the first log-on; not include passwords in any automated log-on process, not use the same password for business and non-business purposes.† 5.Communication process for email, secure file exchange via email – This will be based on Section 10.1.1 Documented operating procedures of ISO 17799 wherein, â€Å"Operating procedures should be documented, maintained, and made available to all users who need them. Documented procedures should be prepared for system activities associated with information processing and communication facilities, such as computer start-up and close-down procedures, backup, equipment maintenance, media handling, computer room and mail handling management, and safety. Operating procedures, and the documented procedures for system activities, should be treated as formal documents and changes authorized by management. Where technically feasible, information systems should be managed consistently, using the same procedures, tools, and utilities.† To further manage the information technology infrastructure and resources, the plan calls for the adoption of the â€Å"best-of-breed† approach by way of making certain that the building blocks of information security (Shaurette 2002) are fully exploited. These building blocks include the optimum use of security policies, authentication, access control, anti-virus/content filtering systems, virtual private networking (VPN)/encryption methodologies, vulnerability services consulting, intrusion protection system, and public key infrastructure (PKI)/certification authorities (CA)/digital signatures systems. This is considered to be the first step towards finding a technique for modeling and evaluating the security of a system (Stjerneby 2002). How to cite The thrust of the Computer Security Plan, Essay examples

Lucien Freud Essay Research Paper Lucian Freud free essay sample

Lucien Freud Essay, Research Paper Lucian Freud Master of The Flesh Lucian Freud, born grandson to Austrian Psychologist Sigmund Freud, was an English painter known and extremely appreciated for his ability to render the human organic structure with such proficient preciseness. He was born in Berlin in 1922, and still lives today. He emigrated to England with his household as a kid. He began to have preparation at the Central School of Art in London, the East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing in Dedham, and Goldsmiths College in London between 1939 and 1943. In the 1950 s Freud became an internationally recognized creative person, and held several exhibitions around the Earth. Freud s beginnings as an creative person involved a really additive and diagrammatically oriented attack to work. Freud s oil pictures today are even considered to be drawings in nature and attack. He transformed from this illustrational, in writing, additive creative person to one that specialised in the meaty, tiring present status. Freud besides began as a miniaturist, frequently doing little portrayals and still making little images until today. He would pay an tremendous attending to item, even in the pulling utilizing the thickest and most vivacious of brushstrokes. Freud s personality was one that affected several people, holding an impact on them to be the impact his plants had. # 8220 ; Lucian Freud has helped more people, wrecked more lives, and h ad more of an consequence on people than anyone I ve of all time known, # 8221 ; said a former lover of the creative person. Considered to be an highly beautiful male child in his young person, it was said that Freud had a abandon about him that was fantastic. What could be unusual is that Freud was neer noted to hold a natural endowment for drawing, yet his self-control and intense love for life caused him to paint whatever he had for a topic. His unbelievable ability to maintain solid concentration allowed him to bring forth a battalion of pictures in his young person, largely of male childs, dead animate beings and birds, himself, adult females, and work forces. Freud is an creative person who has the capableness of making a resolute sense of clumsiness that gave the deadening proficient drawings life. He is capable of making so in whatever medium he used. Freud has been known to make displeasing, upseting, renditions of the human organic structure by pulling truly bromidic images at times. Freud was intensely punctilious his pictures were considered drawings, and even the oil pigment, was non clumpy, yet smoothed to a smooth coating. Freud s work was so successful it recalls picture taking s deformations and compactions. The changeless factor in Freud s pictures is the gravitation and its tortures. The organic structure is depicted sagging, stretched, fatty, ruddy, sleepy, bored, and by and large cursed physically. Freud is a representative of workmanship, easy transporting that to his manner of picture. There was ever a strong sexual undertone within Freud s work, in his pictures, organic structures of both genders were shown lying down distributing their legs to uncover parts that could hold felt a bit unsafe. When Freud poses his theoretical accounts he skews and somewhat distorts the infinite in the drawing. The images may sometimes look like the topic is withstanding gravitation, sometimes about looking to topple upside down. Freud neer considered himself portion of the artistic motion. He operates off from that, and that adds to his mystique non merely as an creative person, but as a individual. The painter has said that his pictures are merely about his ain life, ain friends, and his studio, stating, # 8220 ; This is an enterprise that takes topographic point outside of art historical time.It takes topographic point in my ain clip. My work is non about the civilization, it is about me, # 8221 ; . All portraits the eyes are truly large and unfastened, but are missing life, giving the feeling that the topic is mentally non there whereas physically, the topic s eyes are looking consecutive in front, a good illustration can be noted in Freud s work entitled Girl With a White Doggy. The capable s oral cavity is besides instead large and throughout most of Freud s works the topic have their oral cavities closed, adding to the hush in nat ure. Some intimation of a sexual intension is noted as Freud draws in the topic in Girl With a White Doggy with one bare chest. The capable clearly marks the chest with her manus. Often one can pay attending to really little obscure inside informations that can take to the personalities of his topics. In Girl With a White Doggy, we notice a really little ring on the adult female s finger. This could take to her being a married woman, or a female parent possibly. After one notices these small inside informations, one can look once more at the face and roll up more information from the looks in the topic s face. In this work s instance, we see the topic may hold suffered a loss in her household life, since her still and daydream face gives us the feeling that the character is suffering. One thing that is really of import as good in mention to the eyes, the creative person makes it a point to demo the character intentionally looking at the spectator or holding the eyes intentionally hidden. In the work, Strange Bedfellows the topic is covering her eyes dissembling them from the spectator. Traveling back to Girl With a White Doggy we can see clearly the topic is close to gazing the spectator right in the eyes. However, Freud still leaves the eyes lifeless, so whether or non the topic is gazing at the spectator, he or she knows the topic is someplace else in his or her head. One of Freud s Self-Portraits, shows nevertheless, that Freud may non hold had the same attack to painting himself. He did non do an attempt to stress his eyes, and the picture was non really heavy in nature. We can besides detect that an overdone point of view is being used in the painter s work of himself. The work entitled, Leigh Bowery Seated is a portrayal of a theoretical account Freud ever painted. In this work, the theoretical account painted bare, seated on a chair distributing his legs as if the character wants to demo his genitalias to the spectator. This picture is a perfect illustration for explicating Freud s ability to paint flesh. We see an fleshy nude adult male, drawn precisely as he is seen and non idealised in any manner, another figure absolutely painted by Freud. Freud uses a broad assortment of colourss on the human organic structure s surface, and this was likely why this peculiar theoretical account was Freud s favorite. We see his figure does so dwell of a batch of meat and we can state the picture in it s nature is instead heavy. The more flesh, the more room for a assortment of colour. We notice an attending to item, even though the brushstrokes in this picture are non the absolute finest he has painted. Freud may paint with a really all right coppice and pay an tremendous attending to inside informations, whereas at other times his attending to item may still affect a work with truly vivacious, thick, expressive brushstrokes. In this work, we can besides convey up the illustration of the topic s eyes in cold blood gazing at the spectator, nevertheless, we say once more that the topic is likely non mentally at that place, and is someplace else. The topics eyes are large and good marked on his caput, yet they retain they same motionlessness as in Girl With a White Dog. Lucian Freud was known as one of the greatest painters of all time to paint the figure. This creative person in a discreet manner could hold been utilizing organic structure linguistic communication demoing through his pictures, perchance even more to uncover more about the individuality of the topic. It seems that it is more of import to Freud to pull strings the spectator and commanding his reaction, than the existent picture. Freud tries to present through his pictures a feeling he wants the spectator to see. This is likely reached by utilizing all these small tattletale hints we observe in his work. Freud is concerned with the feeling he delivers in his nonliteral work. Even though some pictures may come off as disturbing at times, the airss are about ever relaxed. All these elements can be combined into one powerful picture of the human figure, and Freud treats the human figure like a book, painting it with his marks, and likely the manner he would wish us to read them hasn t be en revealed yet. We do non cognize if that is intended. Who knows, there may be secrets in the creative person s figures that may neer be revealed 320